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Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP): What It Means for FSMA

The Food and Drug Administration Food Safety and Modernization Act (FSMA) is going to change how the U.S. food supply chain works. And not just for U.S. companies. When the law takes effect in January 2026, foreign companies that import food to the United States must also comply. This is what the FSMA Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP) is all about.

If you’re an importer, you’re subject to the FSVP under FSMA. If you’re a U.S.-based company, you want to make sure your non-U.S. trading partners are compliant.

Here is everything you need to know about the FSVP so that you can achieve and maintain FSMA compliance.

What Is an Foreign Supplier Verification Program? What Is the Significance?

Technically, FSVP stands for Food Supplier Verification Programs (plural). An FSVP is a program that promotes traceability, food safety, and transparency across the entire food supply chain. It mandates that importers perform certain activities to facilitate public health protection and verify that imported food meets the FSMA safety requirements.

Under a Foreign Supplier Verification Program, importers are required to verify that the food they import meets U.S. safety standards. They must develop, maintain, and follow an FSVP for each food imported, unless an exemption applies. The goal, therefore, is to ensure that every imported food has been produced in a way that delivers the same level of public health protection as the applicable FSMA requirements, and that food is not adulterated or misbranded with respect to allergen labeling.

Why is the Foreign Supplier Verification Program necessary? The answer is simple: The United States imports billions in food each year. According to the USDA, the U.S. imported $148 billion in agricultural products in 2020. U.S. food also includes a huge amount of imported animal products.

By extending FSMA requirements to importers and their suppliers, the Foreign Supplier Verification Programs promote increased safety and accountability. It also provides insights into each foreign supplier’s performance, enabling U.S. food businesses to make informed decisions about their trade relationships and promote good manufacturing practices.

Who Is Covered by the FSVP?

It defines an importer as “the U.S. owner or consignee of the food offered for import (i.e., owns the food, has purchased it, or has agreed in writing to purchase it at the time of U.S. entry).” If there isn’t a U.S. owner or consignee at time the product enters the USA, the FSVP defines the importer as “the U.S. agent/representative of the foreign owner/consignee, as confirmed in a signed statement of consent.”

The important takeaway is that there must be a U.S.-based FSVP importer who takes responsibility for meeting the FSVP requirements.

Key Components of the FSVP

The Foreign Supplier Verification Program is built on widely accepted food safety standards and preventive controls rules. Key FSVP requirements include the following:

      • Hazard analysis: Importers must analyze hazards associated with each food.
      • Supplier verification: The FSVP outlines appropriate supplier verification activities that importers must complete.
      • Corrective actions: Procedures must be in place to address identified issues.

Requirements for Importers

An FSVP importer may need to perform the following activities, unless they’re exempt or subject to modified requirements.

Verify Suppliers

Conduct appropriate supplier verification to assure that the hazards requiring a control in the food you import have been significantly minimized or prevented. These activities may include annual onsite audits by a qualified auditor, sampling and testing food, and reviewing the supplier’s food safety records.

Perform a Hazard Analysis

Hazard analyses must include identifying “known or reasonably foreseeable hazards” and determining if they require a control. The FDA notes several types of hazards, including the following:

      • Biological (e.g., parasites and disease-causing bacteria)
      • Chemical (e.g., radiological hazards, pesticide and drug residues, natural toxins, unapproved additives, food allergens, and nutrient deficiencies or toxicities in animal food)
      • Physical (e.g., objects in food products such as glass)

Evaluate Risks

You must evaluate risks that the food itself and the foreign supplier’s performance could pose. In doing so, you must consider the following:

      • Your hazard analysis for the food
      • Who will apply the hazard controls (e.g., the supplier or its ingredient supplier)
      • The supplier’s food safety practices and procedures
      • Applicable U.S. food safety regulations and information about the supplier’s compliance
      • The supplier’s food safety performance history, which should include testing and audit results and the supplier’s record of correcting identified problems.

Perform Periodic Reassessments

You have to reassess your foreign suppliers every three years — or sooner if the FSVP importer becomes aware of new information about hazards in the food or changes in the foreign supplier’s performance.

Identify the FSVP Importer

As an FSVP importer, you are required to provide the U.S. government with the following information about your organization:

      • Legal business name
      • Electronic mailing address
      • Unique facility identifier (UFI)

The FDA accepts the Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) number as a UFI. FSVP importers temporarily unable to obtain a DUNS number have since May 2017 been permitted to transmit the value “UNK” (i.e., “unknown”) in the UFI field, allowing food to be processed through the Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) system, even if the importer has not yet provided a DUNS number.

Other Requirements

You must use a qualified person to develop an FSVP and to perform FSVP activities.

Furthermore, you must take corrective actions (if necessary) and investigate the adequacy of the FSVP (when appropriate). The corrective action will depend on the circumstances; for example, the best course of action may be to stop using the foreign supplier until the problem (e.g., noncompliance, adulteration, misbranding) has been adequately addressed.

Last, you’re required to maintain detailed FSVP records. A U.S. agent can request these records during an audit. Alternatively, they might review them during a randomized compliance assessment. Make sure you retain all digital records related to your FSVP compliance activities for at least two years.

Role of Technology in FSVP Compliance

Old-school compliance strategies can’t keep pace with the stringent recordkeeping and analytics mandates found in the Foreign Supplier Verification Program framework. Instead, you need a robust suite of technologies designed to accelerate and simplify compliance.

Adopting food supply chain software will empower your team to gather and manage key details about trading partners. With the right tools in place, you can transform food safety and regulatory compliance into an integrated part of your company culture.

Collaboration with Foreign Suppliers

FSVP compliance is a joint effort; you cannot achieve and maintain compliance without the support of your foreign suppliers. Reputable and successful foreign suppliers will embrace FSVP, as they understand that they cannot import their goods to the United States without complying.

Use this to your advantage. Reach out to your trading partners, relay what requirements apply to your organization and its operations, and develop a cohesive strategy to meet FSVP provisions. Building strong relationships with suppliers is key to a successful verification and hazard mitigation program.

FSVP Rollout and Influence

To date, compliance with the Foreign Supplier Verification Programs has been a challenge for many importers. According to a 2020 FDA report, in 2019 the Agency issued 340 citations to companies for failing to develop an FSVP — a 17 percent increase over 2018. In total, there were 354 non-compliance citations, including for failing to:

      • Follow or maintain the FSVP
      • Translate the FSVP into English when applicable
      • Sign and date the FSVP upon modification
      • Make adequate assurances of a supplier’s food safety

Over the last two years, the FDA has ramped up enforcement, which means that preparedness and diligence are more important than ever. As the Agency itself says, “Being prepared is key to avoiding a citation.”

Even with these challenges, the food industry should anticipate that FSVP will have a broader, sustained impact on global food supply chains. Along with FSMA, it encourages international suppliers to elevate their food safety standards, adopt best practices, and embrace food safety in a digital, traceable supply chain. This will lead to a more uniform global food safety system, enhancing consumer confidence in the safety of foods everywhere.

It’s likely that more and more countries will enact or continue rolling out similar food safety regulations on imported goods. When they do, it will accelerate the push toward safer, more sustainable food production practices.

Final Thoughts: Achieve Foreign Supplier Verification Program Compliance

As we’ve seen, the FSVP requires a lot of importers and their foreign suppliers, and many organizations have struggled with compliance.

The keys to success (and avoiding citations and fines) are preparedness and proactive implementation of FSVP practices and technologies that will yield a safer and more transparent food importation process.

If you don’t know where to start, contact us today to book a demo. Our traceability and transparency solutions for the food and beverage industries not only take the guesswork out of compliance — they transform all your supply chain data into true business value.

Why FDA Food Traceability Regulations Are a Business Opportunity

It’s going to be a busy couple of years for the food industry as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) formalizes key parts of its plan to modernize and further secure the U.S. food supply chain. The next milestone for FDA food traceability regulations is just four months away, so let’s take a look at the requirements — and why food companies should embrace them as an opportunity to improve their businesses.

But first, if you’re intrigued by the idea that opportunities are “hiding” in the FDA food traceability regulations, join us for our “Safety, Regulatory Compliance & Beyond: Leveraging Traceability to Optimize the Food & Beverage Supply Chain” webinar on Wednesday, August 10, at 1 p.m. EST. Our experts will break down the “whys” and “hows” of traceability, discuss the real-world applications and value-adds, and take your questions.

Recap of FDA food traceability regulations & upcoming deadlines

Here’s a quick rundown of what’s on the table and upcoming deadlines.

Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)

      • Signed into law on Jan. 4, 2011
      • Aims to ensure the food supply is safe by shifting the focus to preventing contamination rather than responding to it
      • Applies to human food as well as to food for animals, including pets

Proposed Rule (FSMA 204)

      • Establishes additional traceability recordkeeping requirements for people who manufacture, process, pack, or hold foods on the Food Traceability List
      • Food Traceability List contains foods with additional traceability recordkeeping requirements (see table below)
      • Stakeholders to establish and maintain records with key data elements (KDEs) associated with different critical tracking events (CTEs)

Key dates

      • Nov. 7, 2022: FDA to finalize and submit the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Proposed Rule to the Federal Register
      • January 2023: Proposed Rule goes into effect
      • Jan. 6, 2025: Deadline for full compliance

The FDA has also launched the New Era of Smarter Food Safety and an accompanying New Era of Smarter Food Safety Blueprint, which envision a modern approach to ensuring food safety through digital, tech-enabled traceability. Get more details in our blog here.

FDA food traceability regulations: What to know now and how to seize opportunities

This is really just a preview of our August 10 webinar about leveraging traceability. We’ll touch on a few key points below; sign up for the webinar to take a deep dive.

Just the facts

The FSMA 204 deadlines are set. You’ll have to be fully compliant in about two years, so the time to prepare is now.

The Food Traceability List is a living document. More and more food items are sure to be added over time.

The FDA is committed to modernizing and securing the U.S. food supply chain. Expect the Agency to continue promoting (and regulating) traceability in a digital supply chain. This includes improving recall management.

Where’s the opportunity?

End-to-end traceability makes everything better. With the right solution, you’ll not only be compliant — you’ll make your supply chain faster, leaner, and more cost-effective.

“1-up, 1-down” is useful, but antiquated. Today, 1-up, 1-down traceability is merely a facet of end-to-end traceability (and visibility and transparency) in a digital supply chain. The right solutions transform your supply chain into an ecosystem that optimizes operations and creates opportunity and value beyond the point of sale.

Serialization is the building block of compliance — and added value. Serialization turns every product into a “digital asset” that can be traced in real time from virtually any location, yielding practical benefits to your operations. But these digital assets can accomplish much, much more, including brand protection and consumer engagement.

Traceability enables precise, targeted recall management — which means better outcomes for your brand. We’ve all heard the statistic that the average food recall costs $10 million. With traceability, you can locate specific items quickly, identify where they came from (e.g., grower, warehouse), take clear, decisive action to remove only those items from circulation, and protect consumers and your reputation.

Traceability in a digital supply chain means less clutter — literally. Do you have nightmares about back rooms full of boxes stuffed with paperwork? Traceability turns your nightmare into an operational dream. Get rid of all the paper and gain the power to quickly dial up any document, any time, from any location, including from mobile devices.

Traceability and added value

Traceability is the key to keeping consumers happy and inspired. Consumers are thinking deeply about the things they buy — where they come from and what goes into making them. They also expect to interact with the brands they trust. We wrote way back in October 2020 that supply chain traceability was building a new kind of consumer kingdom; it was true then, it’s true today, and it will be true tomorrow.

The era of digital assets and smart products is here. Products are no longer just products. With serialization and traceability, products are gateways to experiences. They’re beacons to broadcast information. They are conduits for hyper-targeted and hyper-personalized consumer engagement.

Final thoughts

FDA food traceability regulations are center stage in FSMA, the Food Traceability Proposed Rule (FSMA 204), the Food Traceability List, and the New Era of Smarter Food Safety. The deadlines are coming and you should be preparing.

But now you know that savvy companies will see traceability as more than a compliance mandate from the government — they’ll see it as a technology that creates a universe of opportunities for their businesses and brands.

Companies that are thinking only about the mechanics of complying with FDA food traceability regulations will miss these opportunities to be proactive about ensuring food safety and quality, reducing  risks, protecting and building their brands, and leveraging every single product to connect with individual consumers in exciting, meaningful ways.

We don’t want you to miss these opportunities. To get started, sign up for our food traceability webinar to see how traceability works and how it delivers value.

Next, contact us to schedule a short demo of our food and beverage solutions, including our award-winning Traceability System and Mobile Traceability App. In about 15 minutes, our supply chain experts will show you how we create end-to-end traceability in a fully interoperable digital supply chain that’s visible anytime, anywhere.

Last, take a look at our other food traceability materials, some FDA links, and our shortened version of the Food Traceability List.

Our FSMA & Food Traceability Resources

Other FDA Resources

Food Traceability List

FDA Food Traceability List

Food Traceability Data: Not Just for Compliance Anymore

As the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues to evolve its traceability and modernization initiatives across the U.S. food supply chain, the need for more accurate food traceability data is more important than ever.

Foundationally, the FDA’s initiatives require companies to have digital traceability systems in place that facilitate greater food safety. But food traceability data means more than ensuring you’re complying with regulations: It offers significant business value. Let’s take a look.

FDA’s food traceability initiatives: a refresher

In 2011, Congress enacted the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) to regulate the way foods are grown, harvested, and processed in the United States. The law transforms the nation’s food safety system from an after-the-fact response to foodborne illness to a proactive posture aimed at prevention.

To address the rapid and effective tracking and tracing outlined in FSMA, the FDA in April 2019 launched the New Era of Smarter Food Safety, a tech-enabled approach to food traceability to ensure food safety, and the New Era of Smarter Safety Blueprint (July 2020), which outlined the Agency’s vision for how to get there and included the Food Traceability Proposed Rule, which defines specific traceability recordkeeping requirements for foods on its Food Traceability List.

Food traceability data delivers benefits beyond mere compliance

Although food traceability data serves as the cornerstone of effective recall management and outbreak prevention as required by the FDA, it means much more than compliance. Here are three ways food traceability data can drive business value to support sustainable growth.

Create operational efficiencies

Food traceability data yields complete, real-time visibility into operations across every node in the supply chain. This empowers food companies to take immediate action, solve problems, coordinate with partners and regulators, and keep things moving.

For example, by tracking a product’s ingredients from harvest through production through the last mile to delivery, you can quickly trace raw materials backward and forward, pinpoint supply chain weaknesses or trouble spots, and strengthen your recall program and minimize the impact of recalls. And with a traceability system that allows you to monitor products anywhere in transit, you can collect data on environmental conditions, track the location of all your deliveries, and set precise parameters for alerts.

This food traceability data allows you to proactively protect your shipments, safeguard their environmental integrity, track their position on land, sea, and air, and intervene immediately should something seem awry, such as a spike in temperature or a route diversion. Add critical tracking events (CTEs) and other information (e.g., quality inspections) to the process and you’ve got an indelible product provenance from farm to table.

Build consumer engagement and trust

These days, consumers are more attuned than ever to family health and finances. They want to know more about what they’re eating, such as ingredients, how food is raised or grown, and the safety and environmental practices used to produce it. They want to feel good about what they eat and where they are spending their money. By supplying information that meets this demand, you build trust and loyalty and build a community of customers who will advocate for your products.

The simple truth is that food traceability data creates tremendous opportunities to communicate with consumers and nurture more committed relationships. You can back your claims and prove your product is what you say it is.

Protect your brand

This dovetails with consumer engagement and trust. With modernized, secure, and compliant food traceability protocols, you can better collaborate with partners and authorities if there’s a recall. In this scenario, you’re not only protecting consumers from a health hazard — you’re safeguarding your brand from bad publicity. And with a transparent approach to engaging with customers about the foods they consume, you create a strong brand image that conveys trust, credibility, and reliability. You can even use your food traceability data as a core differentiator in your value proposition messaging.

Final thoughts

Food traceability data has always been important, but the FDA has clearly put it center stage with FSMA, the New Era of Smarter Food Safety, the Food Traceability Proposed Rule, and the Food Traceability List.

Do not expect this to change.

rfxcel believes industry leaders will see traceability as an investment in their businesses and brands, not a compliance mandate from the government. If fact, savvy companies will know the FDA’s initiatives are an opportunity to be involved in shaping the future of the U.S. food supply chain. Keep an eye out this summer for more from rfxcel about how you can tap into the FDA’s initiatives to help lead the transformation of the U.S. food supply chain. As we said above, this is a moment of opportunity for the food industry. Don’t miss the boat.

In the meantime, take a look at our solutions for food and beverage:

Contact us today for more information and to schedule a short demo of our food traceability solutions. Get started now and take advantage of all the opportunities food traceability data can create for you.